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Field Guide To Friction Fire      
 

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March 2008 Entries on this page
#1 Lens Fire Starting
#2 Ash Wood For Friction Fire
 

Entry #1 Lens Fire Starting  by Tim MacWelch

Copyright © 2000 as Earth Connection Handout Series 1
ALL TEXT, PHOTOS, AND GRAPHICS ARE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT.  NO PART OF THIS WEBSITE MAY BE COPIED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF EARTH CONNECTION, LLC. 

    I just got an email this week from Daniel and he wrote

"Dear Mr. MacWelch, I've been trying to start fires with a magnifying glass, but all I can get is burning and heat, no flame.  I think it is my tinder that is the problem.  Do you have any suggestions on tinder for this method? Thanks, Daniel"
 

Well, it turns out that Daniel is right, Lens Fire Starting (or Optical Fire Making) can be very tricky and tinder is critical.  I would recommend to anyone that they get the biggest lens they can find.  A couple inches across is good.  Smaller than 1 inch across is very hard to do, but it can work.  Over the past years, I've heard all kinds of improbable lens fire stories.  You may have heard the fire from ice balls and ice lenses urban legend.  The TV show Mythbusters even did a fire from ice episode, with questionable results.  A drop of water held in a looped blade of grass or slender wire loop has been in some optical fire starting claims.  A clear plastic bottle with just the right amount of water and held at just the right angle is supposed to work.  Like I said, I won't believe it until I see it firsthand.  The strong summer sun works some wonders, don't get me wrong.  I'm a big believer in possibilities.  But I want to see before I believe completely.  Speaking of the summer sun, you are much better off making optical fire that time of year than with the far off winter sun.  I have rarely gotten lens fires in the winter.  The closer distance to the sun and greater ambient air temperatures really seem be of benefit during the hot months. 

So to get started, find a sunny spot to try your tinder and lens.  You could set up your fire place and camp anywhere, and transport the fire if needed, should you not have a beam of light shooting down into your woodland camp.  Lens fire making is best attempted during the midday.  Morning and afternoon will work, but the noon sun is strongest.  Select the fluffiest tinder you can.  See my tinder article on this web site for material ideas.  Try matting down your tinder in the middle to make a flat spot so your burning can be focused all in one place.  Use a really fluffy, fine fibered tinder for the flat center of the bundle.  Tulip poplar or PawPaw inner bark, rotted and pounded with a rock should be good if you live around the Mid-Atlantic.  Use Jute twine from the store pulled apart and fluffed up, if you can't get to the woods.  Do your fire starting in full sun out in the open.  Focus the light on the flat spot in your tinder bundle until the dot of light is as small as you can make it.  Manipulate the lens at different angles and at different distances from the tinder until you have the perfect "dot" and the smoke should start immediately.  Blow gently across the tinder while you are burning it.  This can be the make or break trick when doing this method.  Your extra oxygen and air movement cause any fibers that have reached glowing ignition to spread their ignited red glow into neighboring fibers.  This is basically the birth and expansion of your tiny coal.  We go from a speck of light and tinder, into a tinder born fire.  So when the first dot of light causes the fibers to smoke well, then blow harder when you see the smoke level increase.  Blow consistently (and even constantly, if you can control your breath) until the tinder flames up.  It's just that simple, and just that complex at the same time. 

 
Try these things and please let us know how you do.
Good luck,
Tim at Earth Connection

 

Entry #2 Ash Wood For Friction Fire  by Tim MacWelch

Copyright © 2000 as Earth Connection Handout Series 1
ALL TEXT, PHOTOS, AND GRAPHICS ARE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT.  NO PART OF THIS WEBSITE MAY BE COPIED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF EARTH CONNECTION, LLC. 

Ash really is a great genus of fire friendly trees.  I first started working with it years ago after I noticed that the pitchfork looking branches had extremely straight sections.  Straight like a machine turned dowel.  This was a good sign to me.  I started trying Ash as a drill at first, because the straight sections were so easy to make into a drill for bow drill.  Simply take a thumb thick section 8 to 10 inches long, whittle a point on each end and you are done.  That's it!  And it worked well.  It's no Cedar or Basswood, but in the Eastern Woodlands, you won't always have Cedar or Basswood.  You need to work with what you have available.  The larger branches can provide us with good boards for a variety of friction fire methods.  The unusual inner bark on slightly rotten sticks can be a good tinder.  It is flat and ribbon like, with many layers.  It resembles layers of tan or brown paper.  Just shred it a little, and it will burn well for your tinder.  In fact, you can get most of your bow drill components out of Ash.  The wood is flexible enough for bows, dense enough for hand hold blocks, fine enough for drills and boards, and the inner bark is good tinder.  The only things you are missing are string for the bow and lubricant for the hand hold block.  And you can spot it at a great distance when there are no leaves on the trees.  It's opposite branching limbs and twigs point up in the air and resemble a 3 pronged pitchfork or trident.  When there are leaves in spring, summer and fall, look for the same pitchforks with compound leaves, like a Walnut tree.  These trees are double oddballs - they are opposite branching (most trees are alternate branching) and they are compound leaved (most trees are simple leaved).  Do watch out for Poison Sumac when you are looking for the compound leaved shrubs and trees, because even handling the wood can give you the terrible rash of the Poison Ivy genus.  And breathing Poison Sumac smoke can't be good for you.

Try Ash for friction fire on your next hike.  There are 4 species in the Mid-Atlantic and all are good - Black Ash, White Ash, Green Ash and Water Ash.  Good luck.

Build safe fires,

Tim

 

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